Python 3.10.4 结构化模式匹配实战：官方文档新特性解析

point = (, )
match point:
    case (, ):
        print("坐标原点")
    case (, y):
        print(f"Y轴上的点，坐标是{y}")
    case (x, ):
        print(f"X轴上的点，坐标是{x}")
    case (x, y):
        print(f"普通点，坐标是({x}, {y})")
    case _:
        print("无效坐标")

user = {"name": "Alice", "age": , "email": "alice@example.com"}
match user:
    case {"name": name, "age": age}:
        print(f"用户{name}，年龄{age}")
    case {"email": email}:
        print(f"邮箱是{email}")
    case _:
        print("数据格式错误")

score = 
match score:
    case :
        print("满分！")
    case score if score >= :
        print(f"高分，分数是{score}")
    case score if score >= :
        print(f"及格，分数是{score}")
    case _:
        print("不及格")

class Point:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

point = Point(, )
match point:
    case Point(x=, y=):
        print("坐标原点")
    case Point(x=, y=y):
        print(f"Y轴上的点，坐标是{y}")
    case Point(x=x, y=):
        print(f"X轴上的点，坐标是{x}")
    case Point(x=x, y=y):
        print(f"普通点，坐标是({x}, {y})")
    case _:
        print("无效点")

response = {
    "user": {
        "id": ,
        "name": "Bob",
        "email": "bob@example.com",
        "address": {
            "street": "123 Main St",
            "city": "Anytown",
            "state": "CA"
        }
    },
    "orders": [
        {"id": , "amount": },
        {"id": , "amount": }
    ]
}

match response:
    case {"user": {"id": id, "name": name, "email": email}, "orders": orders}:
        print(f"用户{name}，邮箱{email}，有{len(orders)}个订单")
        for order in orders:
            match order:
                case {"id": order_id, "amount": amount} if amount > :
                    print(f"大额订单：{order_id}，金额{amount}")
                case {"id": order_id, "amount": amount}:
                    print(f"普通订单：{order_id}，金额{amount}")
    case _:
        print("响应格式错误")

data = [, "hello", 3.14, {"key": "value"}, (, )]

for item in data:
    match item:
        case int(n):
            print(f"整数：{n}")
        case str(s):
            print(f"字符串：{s}")
        case float(f):
            print(f"浮点数：{f}")
        case dict(d):
            print(f"字典：{d}")
        case tuple(t):
            print(f"元组：{t}")
        case _:
            print("未知类型")